Chien-Chih Chen, MD; Tzong-Luen Wang, MD, PhD

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Abstract ---The continued proliferation of nuclear materials and technology make nuclear terrorism more probable than ever. After the attacks of September 11, 2001 in United States of America, the whole world was under the shadow of nuclear terrorism. A radiological terrorist attack on the Taiwan is a possibility. It could involve the dispersal of radioactive material by deployment of a radiation dispersal device, an attack on a nuclear power plant or detonation of a nuclear weapon. But the possibility of latter is less likely. To decrease the vulnerability to the threat of radiological terrorism, the assessment of risk and the medical teams should have a basic understanding of radiation hazards and medical management. They should be prepared to interact with appropriate government agencies to facilitate the employment of emergency response plans.