Tzong-Luen Wang, MD, PhD

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Abstract ---Submersion injury remains high mortality and morbidity in little babies and adolescents. Because most of these events are due to accidents, preventive measures are the first priority to be considered. Hypoxemia and subsequent multi-organ insults, especially for the brain, are devastating sequelae. Aggressive pulmonary support are thus encouraged and required. There is still no definite prognostic scale that accurately predicts the patients' outcome. However, those presenting with clear consciousness at arrival are almost 100% survived. Traditional HYPER therapy (hypothermia, hyperventilation, steroids, dehydration, barbiturate coma, and neuromuscular blockade) has been proven not to improve the prognosis.