Abstract
---Since last endemic smallpox in 1977, the variola virus can be
detected only in some research institutes in the world. However, in fear of bioterrorism,
the clinical manifestations that may be forgotten by emergency physicians have
to be readdressed. Variola virus usually existed as two related strains: variola
major with a mortality of 20 to 50%, and variola minor with a mortality of less
than 1%. World Health Organization classification comprised another 3 additional
types, that is, flat type, hemorrhagic type, and variola sine eruptione. The disease
is highly contagious and spread by air droplets and direct contact with contaminants.
Emergency reporting and pre-exposure vaccination are the most important steps
in preventing epidemic, either from bioterrorism and the nature. |